County Commission Candidate Questionnaires

The Albany County Board of County Commissioners has three members with staggered four-year terms. Commissioners Pete Gosar and Terri Jones were elected in 2022 and their terms are expiring; both are running for re-election in 2026. Commissioner Thad Hoff was elected in 2024, so has two years left in his term.

Because two seats are up for election, two candidates from each major party will be selected in the primary election on August 18 to move forward to the general election on November 3.

Four Democrats have filed, so the number of nominees will be whittled to two candidates going forward to the general election. Two Republicans have filed, so both candidates will go forward regardless of primary results.

Responses are listed by party in alphabetical order, and by last name within the party. Minor formatting changes for online readability have been made to candidates’ responses; otherwise they appear as supplied, with hyperlinks and emphasized phrases.

Merav Ben-David, Democrat

1. Most of the Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone (APOZ) lies outside the Laramie city limits in the county and includes hundreds of private domestic wells, but most of the water drinkers live within the city limits (Laramie municipal system and South of Laramie Water & Sewer District).

Describe some specific ways that you, as an Albany County Commissioner, could work with the Laramie City Council on aquifer protection issues.

As a member of the Albany County Planning and Zoning Commission (P&Z) for the past 3 years, I have been involved in the adoption of the Casper Aquifer Protection Plan (CAPP), and the Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone (APOZ). Both the CAPP and APOZ were developed in collaboration with the Laramie City Council to ensure limited development over the Casper Aquifer (CA). In terms of zoning, we adopted the regulation that lot sizes of new subdivisions over the Aquifer are limited to 35 acres or more, and no industrial and limited commercial development can occur. However, to ensure the rights of landowners we elected to use accurate GPS and GIS data to delineate the western boundary of the CA except where the certainty of the geological maps is low. In those cases, the boundary is set at the westernmost property line. The CAPP also addresses the proper construction and treatment of septic and wastewater systems to ensure minimal leaching of contaminants into the CA. This work could not have been done without close cooperation with City Council and staff, a model that I intend to pursue if elected.

Protecting the CA from contamination is only one of my current concerns about our ability to provide unlimited clean water to Laramie residents. The severe drought of 2026 follows 9 years in which the Laramie basin received below average precipitation (the longest stretch of drought conditions in 26 years). Together with early snow melt, the drought has caused a substantial reduction in water flow in the Laramie River (3.62 ft at USGS-06660000) matching the low flow of 2025. Similarly, the water table in the CA has dropped to the lowest levels on record since 1983. As of July 12, 2026, water level at the USGS monitoring well (15-072-27cdba01 CS1 – USGS-411412105272001) is at 47 ft below the surface, which is lower than levels recorded in previous years on this date. In addition, county residents living on the CA are reporting water shortages even for wells that are 180 to 320 ft. This is why water security is the number one issue for me and the center of my campaign.

I already presented my concerns to City Council (as a private citizen) and to P&Z (as a commissioner). My presentation can be viewed here: https://www.albanycountywy.gov/DocumentCenter/View/8051/Laramie-water-status

My priorities as commissioners would be to ensure water retention in the valley; development of infrastructure for delivery; smart planning for increasing demand – new housing; protection of river and aquifer from over consumption by data centers and other new heavy users. These will require close collaboration with City Council. For example, expanding the monitoring of water levels throughout the CA (beyond the Huntoon and Spur wells) would be the first step in which I would like to be involved.

2. Through the use of their zoning and permitting authority, the Albany County Commissioners are the only entity with the power to prevent pollution of the Casper Aquifer. Environmental agencies at the state and federal level, such as the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality or the federal Environmental Protection Agency, can step in only after water has been polluted to the point where water quality standards are violated.

If elected, under what circumstances would you consider exceptions to current regulations protecting Casper Aquifer water quality? On the other hand, would you consider changes that strengthen protections? [Note added subsequent to questionnaire: The current regulations were challenged in a lawsuit; the Wyoming Supreme Court issued an opinion July 13, 2026, in favor of Albany County.]

Given the thorough discussions and professional input that were the center piece of our deliberations on the CAPP and APOZ, and our efforts to balance the need to deliver clean water to Laramie residents, while protecting property owner right, I find it difficult to envision a situation where I would consider exceptions to the current regulations. Of-course no one can see the future so if a situation arises that the CAPP and APOZ need revisiting, I am committed to giving them the outmost attention and considerations. It is easier for me to envision enacting stronger protections given the effects of the long and severe drought, although which measure would be most appropriate may depend on the results of the up-coming assessment of water resource availability scheduled to begin this summer.

3. The Albany County Commission relies on appointed boards to help make decisions that protect our water supply (for example, the Albany County Planning and Zoning Commission and the Environmental Advisory Committee).

In evaluating applicants to serve on these boards, how would you balance technical expertise, practical experience, political philosophy, and temperament? Which of these is most important to you in deciding among applicants?

As a member of the P&Z for the past 3 years, I’ve learned the value of technical expertise and personal experience are extremely valuable in discussions regarding difficult decisions. Therefore, these would be my main criteria in selecting members for these boards. When experienced and well-respected people that have mutual respect engage in such discussions, it is rare for temperament to influence the outcome. I do not believe that political philosophy should be a criterion when the goal of these boards is to provide all county residents with the best solutions based on facts and knowledge.

4. Recent controversies before the Albany County Commission have involved discussions of “private property rights” – and these controversies have exposed different opinions on what is meant by that term.

Please describe what you think is meant by private property rights. Also, how you would deal with situations where private property rights and the public interest are in conflict (for example, the public’s interest in keeping its drinking water supply clean).

I believe the work we have done in P&Z on the delineation of the western boundary of the CA is a prime example of how we can protect the community while also realizing the right of private landowners. It took honest discussion and application of our expertise to find a solution that will protect property owner’s rights as much as possible. Another example is the fencing regulations I wrote (with help from Mr. Ayres), which address the new State statues, while ensuring they are permeable to wildlife while saving money for developers. I believe serious, fact-based discussions are key to addressing some of these controversies.

5. Current county regulations stipulate a 35-acre minimum lot size within the APOZ (one dwelling is allowed on existing smaller lots). The minimum lot size was enacted to reduce the density of septic systems within the APOZ and consequently the potential for water contamination. The regulations protect the quality of private domestic wells which will be the first to be affected by additional pollution of the aquifer.

As a county commissioner, would you keep the 35-acre minimum lot size? Can you foresee any circumstances in which you would vote to reduce minimum lot sizes in the APOZ? [Note added subsequent to questionnaire: The current regulations were challenged in a lawsuit; the Wyoming Supreme Court issued an opinion July 13, 2026, in favor of Albany County.]

Given the information I presented above, it should be clear that I would have to be presented with very unusual circumstances to reduce the 35-acre minimum lot size in the APOZ.

Erik Boss, Democrat

No response.

Chris Cleven, Republican

No response.

Pete Gosar, Democrat

Describe some specific ways that you, as an Albany County Commissioner, could work with the Laramie City Council on aquifer protection issues.

As a commissioner, I have helped to pass meaningful, common-sense, and science-based changes to assist with aquifer protection. I chaired the commission and voted in support of a joint aquifer protection plan which has standardized APOZ (Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone) boundaries, uses, and goals. I have worked diligently to see that the aquifer is not further impacted by limiting the density of concentrated septic systems that are well-known polluters of water systems.

Additionally, I have worked to foster strong relationships with members of the Laramie City Council and administrative team, and there is a respectful approach to ideas and updates that need to be considered in the aquifer protection zone.

Although much has been accomplished during my tenure on the commission, there is more to do. I would like the commission to work with the city council to set up a system of monitoring wells so that we could have real-time data on the aquifer and make decisions based on that data. It is also important to set up joint aquifer education sessions so the citizens of Albany County can understand this amazing resource better. I would also like to see if an incentive system could be implemented to assist with the efficient use of water.

With a resource vital to the health and welfare of the citizens of Albany County and supported by a plan that was based on the best available science, there are very few circumstances under which I would consider exceptions to the current regulations. New scientific information or best practices in aquifer protection should be used to update the APOZ and serve as a guide to strengthening protections as well.

Albany County relies on the wisdom and willingness of its citizens to serve on many important boards to do necessary work. I am grateful to the citizens who volunteer their time and expertise to make Albany County a better place. I support applicants who have the necessary expertise, practical experience and even temperament. The good board members I have watched listen intently, are respectful of all viewpoints and are able to make decisions that are supported. Finding solutions is the work of most county boards and I believe political philosophy does not help with developing solutions.

Public property rights are often overlooked when discussions turn to “property rights.” The public should have full access to public lands, and clean air and water are public resources which no private party has a right to abuse. In the case of our aquifer, it would be damaging to the thousands of people in Albany County who rely on the aquifer and fiscally irresponsible to allow private property owners to pollute our drinking water. The cleaning of an aquifer is expensive, and taxes would increase on the entire county’s population to clean up a fouled aquifer or provide alternative sources of water.

Our state and federal constitutions protect private property rights – that is, private property cannot be taken for a public purpose without just compensation to the private owner. To the extent that a private owner’s actions do not negatively impact the community, private property owners are and should be free to use their property as they wish. When rights conflict, I would initially look for guidance to the county’s planning and zoning regulations, along with evaluating the costs to taxpayers.

Former Commissioner Ibarra and I proposed and voted for the minimum 35-acre lot size in the APOZ (undeveloped residential parcels smaller than 35 acres are still allowed one dwelling). Currently, there are already at least 400 septic systems within the aquifer protection area, and contamination has been detected in the most densely developed areas. We have a responsibility to prevent further deterioration, both for the county residents outside the Laramie city limits whose private domestic wells are being affected, and for the municipal wells that serve most of Albany County’s residents. I cannot at this time foresee any reason to vote to reduce minimum lot sizes in the APOZ.

Klaus Halbsgut, Democrat

Describe some specific ways that you, as an Albany County Commissioner, could work with the Laramie City Council on aquifer protection issues.

The Casper Aquifer doesn’t care about city limits, and neither should our approach to protecting it. As a commissioner, I’d focus on practical coordination with the City Council so county decisions and city decisions support the same goal: keeping our drinking water clean.

First, I’d push for regular joint work sessions between the County Commission and City Council specifically on aquifer issues. We already coordinate on other topics; water deserves the same level of attention. Shared briefings from staff and hydrogeologists would help both bodies stay aligned on current risks and needed updates.

Second, I’d work with the city to ensure our zoning and conditional‑use processes match the science‑based protections already in place inside city limits. The aquifer doesn’t stop at the boundary, so our regulations shouldn’t create gaps that put wells or recharge areas at risk.

Third, I’d support coordinated enforcement and monitoring. The city has strong technical capacity, and the county has jurisdiction over most of the APOZ. Combining those strengths—data, inspections, and compliance follow‑through—makes protection more effective and more consistent.

Finally, I’d advocate for joint planning on future development. Whether it’s subdivisions, commercial projects, or infrastructure, early coordination prevents conflicts and ensures both governments are working from the same map, the same hydrogeologic data, and the same long‑term strategy.

Bottom line: protecting the aquifer is a shared responsibility. The best way to do that is steady communication, aligned regulations, and joint planning—not siloed decision‑making.

2. Through the use of their zoning and permitting authority, the Albany County Commissioners are the only entity with the power to preventpollution of the Casper Aquifer. Environmental agencies at the state and federal level, such as the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality or the federal Environmental Protection Agency, can step in only after water has been polluted to the point where water quality standards are violated.

I won’t support exceptions that increase risk to the Casper Aquifer. Any proposal would need clear, independent hydrogeologic data proving it doesn’t weaken protections or set a precedent that opens the door to future problems. If it can’t meet or exceed current safety standards, it’s a no.

I’m open to strengthening protections when new science, mapping, or development pressures show the current rules aren’t enough. Prevention is the only strategy that works—once the aquifer is contaminated, we can’t undo it.

Good board work depends on people who can work together. I’ve chaired and served on enough boards to know that the loudest voice or the highest degree doesn’t automatically make someone the smartest or most effective. What matters is whether a person can listen, bring facts, stay calm, and help the group reach a solid decision.

When evaluating applicants, temperament comes first. If someone can’t collaborate, can’t give others space, or can’t stay focused on the issue instead of the argument, they won’t help protect the aquifer or anything else.

After temperament, I look for practical experience and technical understanding. You don’t need a PhD to understand land use, water protection, or how development actually works on the ground. Real‑world experience often brings clearer judgment.

Political philosophy matters less to me than whether the person can apply the regulations fairly and consistently. These boards work best when members focus on facts, science, and the long‑term health of the aquifer — not ideology.

Bottom line: I want balanced boards made up of people who can think clearly, work respectfully, and make decisions based on evidence. That’s how you protect the aquifer and keep the process credible.

Private property rights matter. A person’s land is their land, and I respect that. But with the Casper Aquifer, every landowner in the protection area is also a steward of our community’s drinking water. Most people take that responsibility seriously. A few don’t — and that’s why we need clear, enforceable rules.

To me, private property rights mean you can use your land, but not in a way that harms your neighbors or the public’s water supply. When those two interests collide, the county has to step in. Once the aquifer is polluted, it’s too late — we can’t fix it after the fact.

So, the balance is simple: Protect the aquifer. Period. Respect property rights, absolutely — but expect landowners to be good stewards. And when someone won’t, that’s exactly why we have regulations and enforcement tools.

Bottom line: Clean water is a shared resource. Protecting it is a shared responsibility.

As a county commissioner, would you keep the 35-acre minimum lot size? Can you foresee any circumstances in which you would vote to reduce minimum lot sizes in the APOZ? [Note added subsequent to questionnaire: The current regulations were challenged in a lawsuit against Albany County; the Wyoming Supreme Court issued an opinion July 13, 2026, in favor of Albany County.]

Yes, I would keep the 35‑acre minimum lot size. It was put in place for a reason: fewer septic systems mean less risk to the aquifer, and the first people hurt by contamination are the homeowners with private wells. That’s not theoretical — that’s reality.

I don’t see a circumstance today where reducing lot sizes in the APOZ makes sense. If someone wants to propose a change, they’d need to bring hard science showing it doesn’t increase risk. Not opinions, not pressure — actual hydrogeologic data. And even then, it would have to be reviewed carefully and transparently.

Bottom line: The aquifer is our main drinking water source. Until there’s solid evidence that a smaller lot size is just as safe, I’m not voting to reduce it.

Terri Jones, Republican

Describe some specific ways that you, as an Albany County Commissioner, could work with the Laramie City Council on aquifer protection issues.

I have had the great fortune to reside in Albany County for my formative years and throughout my adult life. In that time the water quality has not changed according to the City of Laramie’s water quality report. It is very important to remember the residents of Albany County outside the City are dependent on untreated well water straight out of the Casper Aquifer. County Residents know the importance of clean water. Most “water drinkers” live inside the city limits and drink City treated water.

The Albany County Commissioners alongside the Laramie City Council have funded serval water studies over the years. Dr. Carr from the University of Wyoming was contracted to conduct an Electromagnetic Study of the Casper Aquifer by both the Albany County Commission and the City Council. In short the findings were the Casper Aquifer is far more naturally protected than previously thought.

I find this very interesting as Dr. Carr’s findings have been disregarded by the City of Laramie and Albany County Clean Water Advocates as it does not comply with their agenda. Control and limited growth in Albany County are the underlying agenda of. People are easily controlled by fear. Yes, there needs to be regulations and prior to 2018 the regulations are more than adequate as they allow for growth without crippling development costs and regulations.

The Albany County Commission Casper Aquifer Overlay Zone regulations prior to 2018 were more than efficient to protect the Casper Aquifer. Albany County Commission has and does follow the law.

When evaluating applicants for both the Albany County Planning and Zoning Commission and Environmental Advisory Committee there needs to be a mix of experience and knowledge on each of the boards so differing ideas maybe explored.

The Framers of the Constitution viewed property as a natural right essential to individual liberty.

James Madison emphasized that government exists to protect property in all its forms, including physical assets, ideas, and personal freedoms.

“The idea of private property feels instinctive, but its legal DNA is the product of centuries of philosophical debate and political struggle. Its roots in American law stretch back to English Common Law and the Enlightenment. The English jurist William Blackstone famously described property as that “sole and despotic dominion… over the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of any other individual.” This powerful idea was heavily influenced by the philosopher John Locke, who argued that when a person mixes their labor with the natural world—by farming a field or building a home—they acquire a natural right to that property.

The American Founding Fathers were deeply immersed in these ideas. They saw private property not just as a source of wealth, but as the freedom of speech or religion—was safe. Bedrock of individual liberty is private property. They believed that if a government could arbitrarily seize a citizen’s land or possessions, then no other right—be it freedom of speech or religion—was safe. This belief was enshrined directly into the U.S. Constitution.” U.S Law Explained

Affordable Housing is a great priority in Albany County and the City of Laramie. The county can help reduce the problem of affordable housing by adjusting zoning regulations to allow smaller parcels of land in areas where families want to reside and land is available for development. Smaller parcels are less costly, allowing families to purchase both a parcel of land and a home.

35 acres is arbitrary and capricious. Here again control and limited growth is the goal.